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From the Vet

Understanding Ear Infections in Dogs | Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

by Dr. Eileen Savier CVA, CVCH

Sep 7, 2024

Ear infections in dogs are a common concern that can cause significant discomfort for our canine companions. These infections often present as itching, redness, or an unpleasant odor from the ears. If left untreated, they can lead to more severe issues, such as chronic pain or hearing loss. Understanding the causes of ear infections, how they can be treated, and what you can do to prevent them is essential for ensuring your dog’s health and well-being.

Common Causes of Ear Infections in Dogs

Ear infections in dogs can arise from various underlying factors. Here are three common causes:

  1. Allergies: One of the leading causes of ear infections in dogs is allergies. Dogs can be allergic to environmental factors like pollen, dust mites, or mold, as well as to certain foods. When a dog with allergies experiences exposure to these allergens, it can cause inflammation in the ear canals. This inflammation creates an ideal environment for yeast and bacteria to thrive, leading to infection.
  2. Ear Mites: These tiny parasites are another common cause of ear infections in dogs. Ear mites live in the ear canal and feed on ear wax and oils. They are highly contagious among animals and can cause intense itching, redness, and irritation. The presence of ear mites often leads to secondary infections due to the dog’s scratching and shaking of the head.
  3. Moisture: Moisture in the ear canal, often referred to as “swimmer’s ear,” can also lead to infections. Dogs with floppy ears or those that spend a lot of time in water are particularly prone to this issue. Moisture trapped in the ear creates a breeding ground for bacteria and yeast, leading to infection. This is why it’s important to dry your dog’s ears thoroughly after bathing or swimming.

Treatment of Ear Infections in Dogs

If you suspect your dog has an ear infection, it’s essential to seek veterinary care promptly. Treatment typically involves several steps:

  1. Cleaning the Ears: The first step in treating an ear infection is often cleaning the ear canal. This helps remove debris, wax, and discharge that could be contributing to the infection. Your veterinarian may perform this cleaning or provide instructions on how to do it at home.
  2. Medications: Depending on the type and severity of the infection, your veterinarian may prescribe topical or oral medications. These may include antibiotics, antifungals, or anti-inflammatory drugs to target the infection and reduce inflammation. It’s crucial to follow the prescribed treatment regimen carefully and complete the full course of medication, even if your dog seems to be feeling better.
  3. Addressing the Underlying Cause: If the infection is related to an underlying issue like allergies or ear mites, treating that underlying cause is vital to preventing recurrence. For example, if food allergies are suspected, your veterinarian may recommend an elimination diet to identify the allergen. If ear mites are the cause, all pets in the household may need to be treated to prevent reinfection.

Malassezia infection in a dog

Reducing the Frequence of Ear Infections in Your Pup 

While some dogs may be more prone to ear infections due to breed, lifestyle, or underlying health conditions, there are steps you can take to reduce the frequency of infections:

  1. Regular Ear Cleaning: Regularly cleaning your dog’s ears can help prevent the buildup of wax and debris that can lead to infections. Use a veterinarian-recommended ear cleaner, and avoid using cotton swabs, which can push debris further into the ear canal.
  2. Manage Allergies: If your dog has known allergies, work with your veterinarian to manage them effectively. This might involve dietary changes, regular grooming to reduce exposure to allergens, or medications to control allergy symptoms.
  3. Keep Ears Dry: After your dog has been swimming or bathed, ensure that their ears are thoroughly dried. You can gently wipe the outer ear with a soft cloth and use a vet-approved ear-drying solution if recommended.

In cases of chronic or recurrent ear infections, consulting with a veterinary dermatologist may be necessary. A veterinary dermatologist specializes in diagnosing and treating skin and ear conditions, including those related to allergies. They can provide a more in-depth evaluation and create a tailored treatment plan to manage chronic ear issues. Chronic management is often necessary to keep your dog comfortable and to prevent further complications.

Ear infections are a painful and uncomfortable condition for dogs, but with proper care and management, they can often be prevented or treated effectively. By understanding the common causes of ear infections, following through with prescribed treatments, and taking preventive measures, you can help ensure that your dog’s ears stay healthy. For dogs with chronic ear issues, working closely with your veterinarian and possibly a veterinary dermatologist is key to long-term management and your dog’s overall well-being.

About Dr. Eileen Savier

Barks & Recreation is proud to feature Dr. Eileen Savier CVA, CVCH as our Veterinary Blogger in our “From the Vet” Series — offering information related to the health and welfare of your furry family members! Currently part of the team of doctors at Keystone Veterinary Clinic, Dr. Savier is a 2012 Graduate of the Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, She completed her clinical experience at The Ohio State University and after veterinary school she pursued further education and certification in Veterinary Acupuncture, Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Fear Free veterinary visits. Dr. Savier has a special interest in integrative medicine, animal behavior, and internal medicine and is committed to improving animal health care by integrating Eastern and Western philosophies. She enjoys working with fearful & aggressive dogs and cats and she has had additional training in low stress handling techniques and encourages positive reinforcement during exams and procedures. Her clinical interests include pain management, animal behavior, geriatric patient care, and internal medicine.

Dr. Savier is a member of the following associations:

Dr. Savier shares her home with two (soon to be three) dogs, two cats, and a toddler. She lovingly refers to her two dogs as Coconut Retrievers as they were rescue dogs she brought home from the island of St. Kitts. In her free time she enjoys spending time with her family, going to the beach, and planning her next Disney vacation.