The Dog Blog
From the Vet
Cognitive Dysfunction in Dogs: Recognizing, Diagnosing, and Managing
by Dr. Eileen Savier CVA, CVCH
As dogs grow older, their bodies slow down, and so do their minds. Canine Cognitive Dysfunction is a condition similar to dementia in humans, affecting memory, learning, and awareness. Many pet owners may dismiss early signs as normal aging, but recognizing Canine Cognitive Dysfunction early can help improve a dog’s quality of life.
Recognizing the Signs of Canine Cognitive Dysfunction
Dogs with Canine Cognitive Dysfunction may exhibit behavioral changes that seem unusual or out of character. The Purina DISHAA score is a helpful tool for identifying these changes. DISHAA stands for:
- Disorientation – Your dog may get lost in familiar places or seem confused.
- Interaction Changes – They may become less interested in family members or, conversely, more clingy.
- Sleep-Wake Cycle Alterations – Restlessness at night, pacing, or waking frequently can occur.
- House Soiling – Previously house-trained dogs may have accidents indoors.
- Activity Changes – Some dogs become withdrawn, while others exhibit repetitive behaviors.
- Anxiety – Increased stress, vocalization, or fearfulness without a clear cause.
If you notice these behaviors in your dog, it is important to discuss them with your veterinarian.
Diagnosing Cognitive Dysfunction in Dogs
There is no single test to diagnose Canine Cognitive Dysfunction. Instead, veterinarians rely on a combination of history, owner observations, and diagnostic testing to rule out other medical conditions. Bloodwork, urinalysis, and imaging (such as X-rays or MRI) may be necessary to exclude diseases that can mimic cognitive dysfunction, such as arthritis, brain tumors, or metabolic disorders. Keeping a journal of behavioral changes can be helpful when discussing concerns with your veterinarian.
Treatment and Management
While there is no cure for Canine Cognitive Dysfunction, several treatment options can slow progression and improve your dog’s quality of life:
- Dietary Supplements and Nutrition – Diets rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have been shown to support brain function. Prescription diets designed for cognitive health are available.
- Medications – Selegiline (Anipryl) is an FDA-approved medication for Canine Cognitive Dysfunction that can help improve cognitive function in some dogs.
- Environmental Enrichment – Keeping your dog mentally stimulated with new toys, training exercises, and interactive games can help slow cognitive decline.
- Routine and Predictability – Maintaining a consistent daily schedule can reduce anxiety and confusion.
- Supportive Therapies – Acupuncture, physical therapy, and alternative therapies may help keep your dog comfortable and engaged.
Prognosis and Quality of Life Considerations
Canine Cognitive Dysfunction is a progressive disease, meaning symptoms will worsen over time. However, with proper management, many dogs can continue to live happy lives. Quality of life assessments are essential for helping pet owners make decisions as the disease progresses.
Lap of Love, an in-home veterinary hospice service, offers a Quality of Life Scale to help assess a pet’s well-being. This tool evaluates factors such as mobility, appetite, and interaction to help owners determine when their pet may be struggling.
The Human-Animal Bond: Supporting Your Aging Dog
Living with a dog with Canine Cognitive Dysfunction can be emotionally challenging, but maintaining the human-animal bond is vital. Your dog may not remember past training or recognize familiar places, but they still feel love and comfort from your presence. Providing gentle reassurance, maintaining a calm environment, and adapting to their changing needs can strengthen your bond during their golden years.
If you notice signs of cognitive dysfunction in your dog, talk to your veterinarian. Early intervention and a tailored management plan can help your companion enjoy life for as long as possible. By understanding Canine Cognitive Dysfunction and making adjustments, you can continue to share meaningful moments with your beloved pet.
About Dr. Eileen Savier
Barks & Recreation is proud to feature Dr. Eileen Savier CVA, CVCH as our Veterinary Blogger in our “From the Vet” Series — offering information related to the health and welfare of your furry family members! Currently part of the team of doctors at Keystone Veterinary Clinic, Dr. Savier is a 2012 Graduate of the Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, She completed her clinical experience at The Ohio State University and after veterinary school she pursued further education and certification in Veterinary Acupuncture, Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Fear Free veterinary visits. Dr. Savier has a special interest in integrative medicine, animal behavior, and internal medicine and is committed to improving animal health care by integrating Eastern and Western philosophies. She enjoys working with fearful & aggressive dogs and cats and she has had additional training in low stress handling techniques and encourages positive reinforcement during exams and procedures. Her clinical interests include pain management, animal behavior, geriatric patient care, and internal medicine.
Dr. Savier is a member of the following associations:
- American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
- International Veterinary Academy of Pain Management (IVAPM)
- American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP)
- American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior (AVSAB)
- American Association of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (AATCVM)
- Ohio Veterinary Medical Association (OVMA)
Dr. Savier shares her home with two (soon to be three) dogs, two cats, and a toddler. She lovingly refers to her two dogs as Coconut Retrievers as they were rescue dogs she brought home from the island of St. Kitts. In her free time she enjoys spending time with her family, going to the beach, and planning her next Disney vacation.
